Microstructural cerebral lesions are associated with the severity of central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes-respiration in heart failure and are modified by PAP-therapy

Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2018 Jan:247:181-187. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.10.010. Epub 2017 Nov 2.

Abstract

This study investigated the association of microstructural cerebral lesions with central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes-respiration (CSA-CSR) in heart failure (HF) patients and the effect of positive airway pressure therapy (PAP) of CSA-CSR on these lesions. PAP-therapy was initiated in patients with HF with midrange and with reduced ejection fraction (NYHA≥II; left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) and proven CSA-CSR. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at 3T including diffusion tensor imaging were obtained before and after 4 months of PAP-therapy. Cerebral MRI scans revealed microstructural lesions in all 11 patients with HF with midrange or reduced ejection fraction and CSA-CSR (64±8years, 82% male, left ventricular ejection fraction 37±11%) that were focussed on the brainstem and frontal cerebral regions. This microstructural damage correlated with the severity of CSA-CSR and 4 months of PAP-therapy lead to voxel clusters of altered fiber integrity in these lesions. Microstructural cerebral lesions might contribute to the pathophysiology of CSA-CSR in HF. In these patients PAP-therapy induces neuronal plasticity.

Keywords: Brainstem lesions; Cheyne-Stokes respiration; Heart failure; Positive airway pressure therapy; Respiratory control.

MeSH terms

  • Cerebrum / diagnostic imaging*
  • Cheyne-Stokes Respiration / complications
  • Cheyne-Stokes Respiration / diagnostic imaging*
  • Cheyne-Stokes Respiration / physiopathology
  • Cheyne-Stokes Respiration / therapy
  • Echocardiography
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Heart Failure / complications
  • Heart Failure / diagnostic imaging*
  • Heart Failure / physiopathology
  • Heart Failure / therapy
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Polysomnography
  • Positive-Pressure Respiration*
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Sleep Apnea, Central / complications
  • Sleep Apnea, Central / diagnostic imaging*
  • Sleep Apnea, Central / physiopathology
  • Sleep Apnea, Central / therapy
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ventricular Function, Left