Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are benign tumors with higher prevalence in women. Female hormones have been shown to induce AML enlargement. This case refers to a 40-year-old woman with 4 left kidney AMLs, the larger ones with 1.0 and 1.3 cm. Ten months after ovarian stimulation for egg harvesting, a computed tomography revealed an 18-cm AML with large-caliber vessels. Given her high risk of AML bleeding, the patient was submitted to selective arterial embolization, which turned out unsuccessful, supporting a plan of nephron-sparing surgery. Our case highlights the pro-growth effects of female hormones on AML, with particular emphasis to ovarian stimulation.
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