Traumatic Stress Interacts With Bipolar Disorder Genetic Risk to Increase Risk for Suicide Attempts

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017 Dec;56(12):1073-1080. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.428. Epub 2017 Oct 10.

Abstract

Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most heritable psychiatric conditions and is associated with high suicide risk. To explore the reasons for this link, this study examined the interaction between traumatic stress and BD polygenic risk score in relation to suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescent and young adult offspring and relatives of persons with BD (BD-relatives) compared with adolescent and young adult offspring of individuals without psychiatric disorders (controls).

Method: Data were collected from 4 sites in the United States and 1 site in Australia from 2006 through 2012. Generalized estimating equation models were used to compare rates of ideation, attempts, and NSSI between BD-relatives (n = 307) and controls (n = 166) and to determine the contribution of demographic factors, traumatic stress exposure, lifetime mood or substance (alcohol/drug) use disorders, and BD polygenic risk score.

Results: After adjusting for demographic characteristics and mood and substance use disorders, BD-relatives were at increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts but not for NSSI. Independent of BD-relative versus control status, demographic factors, or mood and substance use disorders, exposure to trauma within the past year (including bullying, sexual abuse, and domestic violence) was associated with suicide attempts (p = .014), and BD polygenic risk score was marginally associated with attempts (p = .061). Importantly, the interaction between BD polygenic risk score and traumatic event exposures was significantly associated with attempts, independent of demographics, relative versus control status, and mood and substance use disorders (p = .041).

Conclusion: BD-relatives are at increased risk for suicide attempts and ideation, especially if they are exposed to trauma and have evidence of increased genetic vulnerability.

Keywords: attempted; bipolar disorder; polygenic risk; populations at risk; suicide; traumatic stress.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Bipolar Disorder / diagnosis
  • Bipolar Disorder / genetics*
  • Bipolar Disorder / psychology*
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Child
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Models, Statistical
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
  • Psychological Trauma / diagnosis
  • Psychological Trauma / genetics*
  • Psychological Trauma / psychology*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Self-Injurious Behavior / diagnosis
  • Self-Injurious Behavior / genetics*
  • Self-Injurious Behavior / psychology*
  • Suicidal Ideation
  • Suicide, Attempted / psychology
  • Young Adult