Cooperative Formation of Long-Range Ordering in Water Ad-layers on Fe₃ O₄ (111) Surfaces

The initial stages of water adsorption on magnetite Fe₃ O₄ (111) surface and the atomic structure of the water/oxide interface remain controversial. Herein, we provide experimental results obtained by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations showing that water readily dissociates on Fe_tet sites to form two hydroxo species. These act as an anchor for water molecules to form a dimer complex which self-assembles into an ordered (2×2) structure. Water ad-layer ordering is rationalized in terms of a cooperative effect induced by a hydrogen-bonding network.