Key Factors Influencing the Emergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

J Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 1;216(suppl_9):S851-S856. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix409.

Abstract

The emergence and spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance from antiretroviral roll-out programs remain a threat to long-term control of the HIV-AIDS epidemic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The patterns of drug resistance and factors driving emergence of resistance are complex and multifactorial. The key drivers of drug resistance in LMICs are reviewed here, and recommendations are made to limit their influence on antiretroviral therapy efficacy.

Keywords: HIV subtype; HIV-1 drug resistance; antiretroviral therapy failure.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Africa South of the Sahara / epidemiology
  • Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Developing Countries
  • Drug Resistance, Viral
  • HIV / drug effects*
  • HIV / genetics
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy*
  • HIV Infections / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Medication Adherence
  • Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
  • Risk Factors
  • Viral Load

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents