1 Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2 Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3 Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
4 Department of Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA.
5 King's Centre for Global Health, King's Health Partners and King's College London, London, UK.
6 MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
7 Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
8 Pediatric Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Division of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
9 Emergency and Essential Surgical Care Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
10 Vanderbilt Anesthesia Global Health & Development, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
11 Department of Anesthesia, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
12 Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
13 Development Economics Data Group, World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA.
14 Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
15 Department of Otolaryngology and the Office of Global Surgery and Health, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
16 Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Keywords:
World Health Organization; cost-effectiveness; global anesthesia; global surgery; indicators; surgical access; surgical cost; surgical safety; surgical systems; surgical volume.