The parasite Leishmania siamensis is a zoonotic agent of leishmaniasis; infection in animals has been documented in Europe and the United States. Reported authochthonous human infections have been limited to Thailand. We report a case of human visceral Leishmania siamensis infection acquired in Guyana, suggesting colonization in South America.
Keywords: Leishmania siamensis, parasites, visceral leishmaniasis, zoonosis, phlebotomine sand fly, Sergentomyia (Neophlebotomus) gemmea, anthropophilic, zoophilic, authochthonous, hepatosplenomegaly, cervical lymphadenopathy; sequence typing, sandflies, zoonoses, Guyana, South America, Thailand.