Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

Affiliations

• ¹ Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• ² Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ³ Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ⁴ Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ⁶ Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁷ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁹ Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁰ Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ¹¹ Quantinuum Research, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
• ¹² Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
• ¹³ Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ¹⁴ Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
• ¹⁵ Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
• ¹⁶ Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
• ¹⁷ Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ¹⁸ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus.
• ¹⁹ Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
• ²⁰ Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ²¹ McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
• ²² William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
• ²³ Department of Vascular Medicine, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ²⁴ Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²⁵ Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ²⁶ Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
• ²⁷ Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
• ²⁸ NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
• ²⁹ Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³⁰ Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ³¹ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ³² Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ³³ Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
• ³⁴ Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
• ³⁵ Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ³⁶ Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ³⁷ MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
• ³⁸ Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
• ³⁹ Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ⁴⁰ Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ⁴¹ School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁴² Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
• ⁴³ Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
• ⁴⁴ INSERM U1167, Lille, France.
• ⁴⁵ Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France.
• ⁴⁶ Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France.
• ⁴⁷ Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ⁴⁸ Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ⁴⁹ Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
• ⁵⁰ Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
• ⁵¹ INSERM U1018, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Villejuif, France.
• ⁵² Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ⁵³ Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ⁵⁴ NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
• ⁵⁵ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ⁵⁶ Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
• ⁵⁷ Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ⁵⁸ Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁵⁹ Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁶⁰ Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ⁶¹ IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁶² Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁶³ Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.
• ⁶⁴ School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁶⁵ Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁶⁶ Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
• ⁶⁷ Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ⁶⁸ Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ⁶⁹ Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
• ⁷⁰ Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
• ⁷¹ Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
• ⁷² MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
• ⁷³ NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.
• ⁷⁴ Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA.
• ⁷⁵ Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
• ⁷⁶ Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁷⁷ MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ⁷⁸ NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ⁷⁹ Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ⁸⁰ Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy.
• ⁸¹ Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.
• ⁸² NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
• ⁸³ Department of Cardiology, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UK.
• ⁸⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ⁸⁵ Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
• ⁸⁶ Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁸⁷ Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁸⁸ Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁸⁹ Medical Department, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
• ⁹⁰ NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
• ⁹¹ Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁹² Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
• ⁹³ Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁹⁴ Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
• ⁹⁵ Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁹⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁹⁷ Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ⁹⁸ Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ⁹⁹ Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹⁰⁰ Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹⁰¹ Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹⁰² QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹⁰³ British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ¹⁰⁴ Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁰⁵ Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Division of Laboratory and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁰⁶ Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁰⁷ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁰⁸ Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
• ¹⁰⁹ Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
• ¹¹⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹¹¹ Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ¹¹² Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ¹¹³ Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
• ¹¹⁴ MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ¹¹⁵ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹¹⁶ Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• ¹¹⁷ Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ¹¹⁸ Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
• ¹¹⁹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ¹²⁰ Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece.
• ¹²¹ Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
• ¹²² Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ¹²³ Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
• ¹²⁴ CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
• ¹²⁵ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
• ¹²⁶ Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France.
• ¹²⁷ University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
• ¹²⁸ Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
• ¹²⁹ Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
• ¹³⁰ Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹³¹ Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
• ¹³² Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ¹³³ Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ¹³⁴ Research Unit, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy.
• ¹³⁵ Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
• ¹³⁶ Geriatrics, Department of Public Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ¹³⁷ Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ¹³⁸ Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ¹³⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ¹⁴⁰ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ¹⁴¹ Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ¹⁴² Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ¹⁴³ Vision Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
• ¹⁴⁴ Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ¹⁴⁵ Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.
• ¹⁴⁶ Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ¹⁴⁷ Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁴⁸ Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ¹⁴⁹ Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ¹⁵⁰ University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
• ¹⁵¹ MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ¹⁵² Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
• ¹⁵³ Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ¹⁵⁴ Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁵⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
• ¹⁵⁶ Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ¹⁵⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
• ¹⁵⁸ KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
• ¹⁵⁹ Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
• ¹⁶⁰ Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
• ¹⁶¹ Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
• ¹⁶² Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• ¹⁶³ Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
• ¹⁶⁴ Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
• ¹⁶⁵ KG Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
• ¹⁶⁶ Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
• ¹⁶⁷ Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁶⁸ Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁶⁹ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ¹⁷⁰ Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
• ¹⁷¹ Research Unit Skellefteå, Skellefteå, Sweden.
• ¹⁷² Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹⁷³ Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
• ¹⁷⁴ Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
• ¹⁷⁵ National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ¹⁷⁶ Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
• ¹⁷⁷ Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
• ¹⁷⁸ Research Center for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark.
• ¹⁷⁹ Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁸⁰ Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁸¹ Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ¹⁸² Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ¹⁸³ Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ¹⁸⁴ Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
• ¹⁸⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁸⁶ Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
• ¹⁸⁷ Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
• ¹⁸⁸ Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ¹⁸⁹ National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
• ¹⁹⁰ Echinos Medical Centre, Echinos, Greece.
• ¹⁹¹ Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ¹⁹² Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK.
• ¹⁹³ UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
• ¹⁹⁴ Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.
• ¹⁹⁵ Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.
• ¹⁹⁶ Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
• ¹⁹⁷ National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
• ¹⁹⁸ MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ¹⁹⁹ Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
• ²⁰⁰ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
• ²⁰¹ Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
• ²⁰² Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ²⁰³ Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
• ²⁰⁴ Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ²⁰⁵ Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ²⁰⁶ Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ²⁰⁷ Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.
• ²⁰⁸ USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.
• ²⁰⁹ Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ²¹⁰ Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²¹¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
• ²¹² Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ²¹³ Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ²¹⁴ Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ²¹⁵ Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²¹⁶ Department of Public Health Sciences, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
• ²¹⁷ Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
• ²¹⁸ Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK.
• ²¹⁹ Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ²²⁰ Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.
• ²²¹ German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ²²² Westmead Millennium Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Vision Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
• ²²³ Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
• ²²⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
• ²²⁵ Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
• ²²⁶ Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ²²⁷ Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
• ²²⁸ INTERVAL Coordinating Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ²²⁹ School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
• ²³⁰ Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ²³¹ Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munich, Germany.
• ²³² German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
• ²³³ Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ²³⁴ Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA.
• ²³⁵ Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ²³⁶ Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ²³⁷ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²³⁸ Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ²³⁹ Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
• ²⁴⁰ Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division of Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ²⁴¹ School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
• ²⁴² Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ²⁴³ Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ²⁴⁴ Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ²⁴⁵ Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
• ²⁴⁶ School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
• ²⁴⁷ Central Hospital of Southern Ostrobothnia, Seinäjoki, Finland.
• ²⁴⁸ Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
• ²⁴⁹ Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
• ²⁵⁰ Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
• ²⁵¹ Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
• ²⁵² Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ²⁵³ NHS Blood and Transplant-Oxford Centre, Oxford, UK.
• ²⁵⁴ BRC Haematology Theme and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ²⁵⁵ Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
• ²⁵⁶ Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
• ²⁵⁷ Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ²⁵⁸ Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
• ²⁵⁹ Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
• ²⁶⁰ Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
• ²⁶¹ School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
• ²⁶² School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
• ²⁶³ Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
• ²⁶⁴ Genetics, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
• ²⁶⁵ OmicSoft at Qiagen Company, Cary, NC, USA.
• ²⁶⁶ Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
• ²⁶⁷ Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ²⁶⁸ deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ²⁶⁹ Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
• ²⁷⁰ Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
• ²⁷¹ College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
• ²⁷² Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ²⁷³ Center for Pediatric Research, Department for Women's and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ²⁷⁴ Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
• ²⁷⁵ Anogia Medical Centre, Anogia, Greece.
• ²⁷⁶ Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria.
• ²⁷⁷ Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.
• ²⁷⁸ Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
• ²⁷⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
• ²⁸⁰ Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
• ²⁸¹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ²⁸² Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
• ²⁸³ Primary Health Care Unit, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland.
• ²⁸⁴ Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
• ²⁸⁵ USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ²⁸⁶ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ²⁸⁷ Research Center on Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
• ²⁸⁸ Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
• ²⁸⁹ German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ²⁹⁰ Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ²⁹¹ Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
• ²⁹² Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ²⁹³ Genetics, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
• ²⁹⁴ Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Diabetes Translational Research Center, Fairbanks School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
• ²⁹⁵ Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
• ²⁹⁶ Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ²⁹⁷ Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
• ²⁹⁸ Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark.
• ²⁹⁹ Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
• ³⁰⁰ GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
• ³⁰¹ Department of Clinical Sciences, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
• ³⁰² Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ³⁰³ Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center of Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ³⁰⁴ Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ³⁰⁵ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. [email protected].
• ³⁰⁶ Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. [email protected].
• ³⁰⁷ Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. [email protected].
• ³⁰⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. [email protected].
• ³⁰⁹ Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. [email protected].
• ³¹⁰ Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. [email protected].
• ³¹¹ Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. [email protected].