Adsorption of phosphorus by calcium-flour biochar: Isotherm, kinetic and transformation studies

Chemosphere. 2018 Mar:195:666-672. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.101. Epub 2017 Dec 27.

Abstract

Discharging phosphorus (P)-contaminated water directly into the aquatic environment leads to resource loss and eutrophication. Thus, removing P from waste streams is imperative. In this study, calcium-decorated biochar (Ca-BC) in different mass ratios of Ca to BC was designed to effectively adsorb P from solution. Ca-BC was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, followed by isotherm and kinetic adsorption experiments. The decorated Ca on the BC surface was found to have preferred P adsorption ability. A design of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to flour in a mass ratio of 2:1 was found to have a maximum adsorption capacity of 314.22 mg g-1 for P. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models fit the sorption process adequately. XRD analysis indicated that the preferable adsorption ability to P was due to the reaction of Ca(OH)2 and PO43-, forming the hydroxylapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) crystal. The P in solution was transformed to the crystal. Thus, Ca-BC is an environmental friendly and low-cost sorbent for P removal.

Keywords: Adsorption; Ca-BC; Calcium hydroxide; HydroxyLapatite; Phosphorus.

MeSH terms

  • Adsorption
  • Calcium / analysis
  • Calcium / chemistry
  • Calcium Hydroxide / chemistry*
  • Charcoal / chemistry*
  • Durapatite / metabolism
  • Eutrophication
  • Flour
  • Phosphorus / analysis*
  • Phosphorus / chemistry*
  • Wastewater / analysis
  • Wastewater / chemistry*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / chemistry*
  • X-Ray Diffraction

Substances

  • Waste Water
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • biochar
  • Charcoal
  • Phosphorus
  • Durapatite
  • Calcium Hydroxide
  • Calcium