Objective: To assess the prevalence of hearing loss and factors affecting hearing care use among Asian Americans, using the first nationally representative sample of Asian Americans.
Study design: National cross-sectional survey.
Setting: Ambulatory examination centers.
Patients: Three thousand six hundred twelve adults (522 Asian American) aged 20 to 69 in the 2011 to 2012 National Health and Examination Survey with pure-tone audiometry.
Main outcome measure(s): Percentage with hearing loss, undertaking a hearing test before the study, and hearing aid use. Hearing loss was defined as better hearing ear speech frequency pure-tone average ≥25 dBHL. Analyses incorporated sampling weights to account for complex sampling design.
Results: The prevalence of hearing loss was 6.0% [95% CI 3.1-8.9%] among Asian Americans, comparable to White, Black, and Hispanic groups, and increased substantially with age (OR: 2.25 [95% CI: 1.6-3.2]). After adjusting for age and pure-tone average, Asian Americans with hearing loss were less likely to have received a hearing test compared with White (OR: 0.27 [95% CI: 0.20-0.36, p = <0.001]) and Black groups (OR: 0.26 [95% CI: 0.16-0.38, p<0.001]), less likely to use hearing aids compared with Whites (OR: 0.06 [95% CI: 0.01-0.64], p = 0.02), and less likely to self-report poor hearing compared with Whites (OR: 0.30 [95% CI: 0.10-0.90], p = 0.03). Among Asian Americans, using more non-English than English, being foreign-born, less education, being married, and not having insurance were associated with lower levels of receiving a hearing test.
Conclusion: The nationally representative sample of Asian Americans with hearing data suggests that hearing loss prevalence is similar to other races/ethnicities. However, hearing aid adoption by Asian Americans tends to be less frequent.