Suicide Risk and Resiliency Factors Among Hispanic Teens in New Mexico: Schools Can Make a Difference

J Sch Health. 2018 Mar;88(3):227-236. doi: 10.1111/josh.12599.

Abstract

Background: Youth suicide is a serious public health problem in the United States. School environments, and the attention of school adults, are promising but minimally studied avenues for promoting mental health among students.

Methods: The 2013 New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey data were analyzed to identify ways in which the school environment influences suicide attempts in a sample of Hispanic students. Factors examined were: relationships with school adults, speaking a language other than English at home, being born outside the United States and not having enough to eat. Odds ratios were used to measure relationships.

Results: Factors influencing suicide attempt were similar for boys and girls. The odds of suicide attempt declined by approximately one third as measures of positive relationships with school adults increased. Post-high school education plans also were protective. Being born outside the United States and not having enough to eat increased the odds of past-year suicide attempt. Speaking a language other than English at home was a weak risk factor for suicide attempt only among Hispanic girls.

Conclusions: Teachers and other school adults can decrease suicide risk for Hispanic teens by forming supportive relationships with students. Special consideration should be given to providing free breakfast in schools.

Keywords: Hispanic; New Mexico; Youth Risk Behavior Survey; protective factors; resilience; suicide.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Emigrants and Immigrants / psychology
  • Emigrants and Immigrants / statistics & numerical data
  • Environment
  • Female
  • Food Supply
  • Hispanic or Latino / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Interpersonal Relations
  • Language
  • Male
  • New Mexico
  • Resilience, Psychological*
  • Risk Factors
  • School Teachers / psychology
  • School Teachers / statistics & numerical data
  • Schools
  • Students / psychology*
  • Students / statistics & numerical data*
  • Suicide, Attempted / statistics & numerical data*
  • United States