We discuss mechanisms of increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and strategies for managing cardiovascular (CV) risk in these patients. Our focus was mainly on decreasing CV events and progression of microvascular complications by reducing levels of glucose and lipids. We searched PubMed with no limit on the date of the article. All articles were discussed among all authors. We chose pertinent articles, and searched their references in turn for additional relevant publications.
Keywords: A1C; Cardiovascular risk factors; Chronic kidney disease; Diabetes mellitus; Dyslipidemia of chronic kidney disease; Fructosamine; Glycated albumin.
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