Background: Significant attention has been directed toward the high incidence of malignant tumours that occur post-transplantation. However, there are few reports of myeloid sarcomas (MSs) following renal transplantation.
Case presentation: This case report describes a 26-year-old male patient who presented with repeatedly high creatinine levels and hydronephrosis six months post-renal transplantation. Surgical pathology revealed ureteral MS; however, the tumour recurred following resection. Bone marrow biopsy indicated that the patient also had acute promyelocytic leukaemia. The tumour was treated with local radiotherapy, and the leukaemia was treated with systemic chemotherapy. The patient's conditions were satisfactory at the one-year follow-up.
Conclusions: This report is the first to describe a ureteral MS post-renal transplantation. Our findings suggest that surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can help control the status of patients with this condition.
Keywords: Acute myeloid leukaemia; Myeloid sarcoma; Renal transplantation.