Objectives: to evaluate the associations among the emissions produced by "Centro olio Val d'Agri" (COVA), with mortality and hospitalization of residents in the Viggiano and Grumento Nova Municipalities, located in Val d'Agri (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy).
Design: residential cohort study.
Settings and participants: Lagrangians dispersion models to estimate the level of exposure at the address of residence to NOX concentrations as tracers of COVA emissions. Based on the tertile of NOX distribution, individual exposure was classified and a Cox model analysis was performed (hazard ratio, HR, trend with relative 95%CI). The association among exposure to NOX and the cohort mortality/hospitalization was evaluated considering age, socioeconomic status, and distance from the high traffic density road. The cohort included 6,795 residents (73,270 person-years) in the period 2000-2014.
Main outcome measures: causes of mortality and hospitalization due to cardio-respiratory diseases, recognised as associated to air pollution, with medium-short latency induction period, consistent with the period of operation at the COVA.
Results: increasing trends were observed on three exposure classes for mortality due to circulatory system diseases (HR trend: 1.19; 95%CI 1.02-1.39), stronger considering women (HR trend: 1.19; 95%CI 1.02-1.39). From hospitalizations results, an increased risk emerges for respiratory diseases (HR trend: 1.12; 95%CI 1.01-1.25) and, for women, for diseases of the circulatory system (HR trend: 1.19; 95%CI 1.03-1.38), for ischemic diseases (HR trend: 1.33; 95%CI 1.02-1.74) and respiratory diseases (HR trend: 1.22; 95%CI 1.03-1.46).
Conclusions: the excesses of mortality and hospitalization emerged in areas most exposed to pollutants of industrial origin are relevant for preventive actions. It is recommended to define and implement a surveillance system for the entire resident population based on indicators of environmental pollution and related health outcomes on the basis of the scientific literature and the results achieved by the present study.