CD40 ligand deficiency causes functional defects of peripheral neutrophils that are improved by exogenous IFN-γ

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Nov;142(5):1571-1588.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.026. Epub 2018 Mar 5.

Abstract

Background: Patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome caused by CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency often present with episodic, cyclic, or chronic neutropenia, suggesting abnormal neutrophil development in the absence of CD40L-CD40 interaction. However, even when not neutropenic and despite immunoglobulin replacement therapy, CD40L-deficient patients are susceptible to life-threatening infections caused by opportunistic pathogens, suggesting impaired phagocyte function and the need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Objectives: We sought to analyze whether peripheral neutrophils from CD40L-deficient patients display functional defects and to explore the in vitro effects of recombinant human IFN-γ (rhIFN-γ) on neutrophil function.

Methods: We investigated the microbicidal activity, respiratory burst, and transcriptome profile of neutrophils from CD40L-deficient patients. In addition, we evaluated whether the lack of CD40L in mice also affects neutrophil function.

Results: Neutrophils from CD40L-deficient patients exhibited defective respiratory burst and microbicidal activity, which were improved in vitro by rhIFN-γ but not soluble CD40L. Moreover, neutrophils from patients showed reduced CD16 protein expression and a dysregulated transcriptome suggestive of impaired differentiation. Similar to CD40L-deficient patients, CD40L knockout mice were found to have impaired neutrophil responses. In parallel, we demonstrated that soluble CD40L induces the promyelocytic cell line HL-60 to proliferate and mature by regulating the expression of genes of the same Gene Ontology categories (eg, cell differentiation) when compared with those dysregulated in peripheral blood neutrophils from CD40L-deficient patients.

Conclusion: Our data suggest a nonredundant role of CD40L-CD40 interaction in neutrophil development and function that could be improved in vitro by rhIFN-γ, indicating a potential novel therapeutic application for this cytokine.

Keywords: CD40 ligand; IFN-γ; Neutrophils; cell development.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CD40 Ligand / deficiency*
  • CD40 Ligand / immunology
  • Female
  • HL-60 Cells
  • Humans
  • Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Type 1 / immunology
  • Interferon-gamma / pharmacology*
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / pharmacology
  • Neutrophils / drug effects*
  • Neutrophils / physiology
  • Paracoccidioides
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Recombinant Proteins / pharmacology
  • Respiratory Burst / drug effects
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / pharmacology
  • Transcriptome / drug effects

Substances

  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • CD40 Ligand
  • N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine
  • Interferon-gamma
  • Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate