"Immune" Thrombocytopenia as Key Feature of a Novel ADA2 Deficiency Variant: Implication on Differential Diagnostics of ITP in Children

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2019 Mar;41(2):155-157. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000001132.

Abstract

Thrombocytopenia presenting during early childhood is most commonly diagnosed as immune/idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), where the antibody-mediated destruction of thrombocytes is often transient. If treatment is indicated, the majority of patients respond to immune-modulation by intravenous immunoglobulin G infusion or systemic corticosteroids. Differential diagnoses to childhood ITP includes thrombocytopenia due to infections, drugs, rheumatologic conditions, immune dysregulation, and inherited bone marrow failures, for example, congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. Isolated thrombocytopenia in an otherwise healthy appearing child that recurs after therapy and/or persists suggest a differential diagnosis rather than ITP. We present a case of symptomatic thrombocytopenia in a 2-year-old girl associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Deaminase / deficiency*
  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones / administration & dosage*
  • Agammaglobulinemia* / diagnosis
  • Agammaglobulinemia* / drug therapy
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / administration & dosage*
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / deficiency*
  • Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic* / diagnosis
  • Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic* / drug therapy
  • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency* / diagnosis
  • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency* / drug therapy

Substances

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • ADA2 protein, human
  • Adenosine Deaminase

Supplementary concepts

  • Severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency