Keywords: Antimalarials; Arthritis; B-lymphocytes; Cell Differentiation; Chronic; Chronic inflammation; Dendritic Cells; Fibroblasts; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Renal Insufficiency; Rheumatoid; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Rheumatoid Factor; Smoking; Synovial Membrane; Th17 Cells; chronic kidney disease; cytokines.