Neocarzinostatin (NCS) was administered intravenously by drop infusion to 16 patients with ovarian cancer, and intrathoracically to one patient. In addition to evaluation of the efficacy of the chemotherapy, we mainly investigated its effect on ascites and pleural effusion, and carried out continuous measurements of the abdominal circumference in 3 patients. NCS relieved thoracic effusion in 1 patient. We observed that abdominal circumference decreased in 10 patients after administration of NCS. The results obtained from continuous measurement of abdominal circumference revealed that NCS significantly reduced ascitic retention in ovarian cancer.