This study aimed to evaluate the Quality of Work Life (QWL) of health professionals in prisons and identify QWL-associated factors. This is an exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional survey conducted in five prisons. The study included 29 health professionals, who answered the TQWL-42 questionnaire. Results were obtained through descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions. QWL was higher among women, younger workers, professionals with incomplete higher education or who have been working at the prison for 4 to 6 years. QWL overall assessment was 69.55 points. We observed that variables gender and education and biological/physiological and environmental/organizational spheres are associated with the overall assessment of QWL.