Cardioprotective effect of Amaranthus tricolor extract in isoprenaline induced myocardial damage in ovariectomized rats

Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jul:103:1154-1162. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.151. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Abstract

Red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor) has been reported to possess many benefits and medicinal properties and used as a part of traditional medicine in Ayurveda and Siddha. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Amaranthus tricolor on isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress, fibrosis, and myocardial damage in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomy surgery was conducted to remove both ovaries from the rats. After recovery, rats were administered with ISO subcutaneously (50 mg/kg) twice a week and were treated with ethanolic extracts of A. tricolor. This investigation showed that the level of oxidative stress markers was significantly increased while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased in ISO administered ovariectomized rats. A. tricolor extract and atenolol treatment prevented the rise of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and advanced protein oxidation product. Moreover, elevated activities of AST, ALT, and CK-MB enzymes were also lowered by both atenolol and A. tricolor treatment. Increased uric acid and creatinine levels were also normalized by atenolol, and A. Tricolor treatment in ISO administered ovariectomized rats. ISO-induced ovariectomized rats also showed massive inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis and iron deposition in heart compared to sham rats. Atenolol and A. tricolor treatment prevented the inflammatory cells infiltration, fibrosis, and iron deposition. These results suggest that A. tricolor treatment may protect against ISO administered myocardial infarction in ovariectomized rats probably by preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Further research is warranted to examine molecular mechanism of cardioprotective effect of A. tricolor.

Keywords: Amaranthus tricolor; Catalase; Nitric oxide; Ovariectomy; Oxidative stress.

MeSH terms

  • Amaranthus / chemistry*
  • Animals
  • Cardiotonic Agents / isolation & purification
  • Cardiotonic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Isoproterenol
  • Myocardial Infarction / metabolism
  • Myocardial Infarction / pathology
  • Myocardial Infarction / prevention & control*
  • Myocardium / metabolism
  • Myocardium / pathology*
  • Ovariectomy
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects*
  • Plant Extracts / isolation & purification
  • Plant Extracts / therapeutic use*
  • Rats, Wistar

Substances

  • Cardiotonic Agents
  • Plant Extracts
  • Isoproterenol