Abstract
Mycobacteria, like other bacteria, archaea and eukaryotic cells, naturally release extracellular vesicles (EVs) to interact with their environment. EVs produced by pathogenic bacteria are involved in many activities including cell-cell communication, immunomodulation, virulence and cell survival. Although EVs released by thick cell wall microorganisms like mycobacteria were recognized only recently, studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis EVs already point to their important roles in host pathogen interactions, opening exciting new areas of investigation. This minireview will summarize the current understanding of mycobacterial EV biology and roles in pathogenesis and will discuss their potential therapeutic applications.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Cell Wall / chemistry
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Cell Wall / immunology
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Dendritic Cells / immunology
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Dendritic Cells / microbiology
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Extracellular Vesicles / chemistry*
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Extracellular Vesicles / immunology
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Host-Pathogen Interactions / immunology*
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Humans
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Immunomodulation
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Iron / immunology
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Iron / metabolism
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Macrolides / immunology
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Macrolides / metabolism*
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Macrophages / immunology
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Macrophages / microbiology
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis / immunology
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis / metabolism
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis / pathogenicity*
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Oxazoles / immunology
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Oxazoles / metabolism*
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / microbiology
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Tuberculosis / immunology
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Tuberculosis / microbiology
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Tuberculosis / pathology*
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Virulence
Substances
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Macrolides
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Oxazoles
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mycobactins
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mycolactone
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Iron