The recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation is still high, seriously affecting the long-term survival rate. The current research results show that the mechanism of postoperative recurrence of liver cancer is mainly related to residual micro-lesions, hepatitis, regeneration and immunosuppression. Milan criteria for liver transplantation, tumor vascular invasion, degree of differentiation, surgical procedures, and the use of calcineurin immunosuppressive agents are risk factors for recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation, and biomarkers such as genes and miRNAs that respond to biological characteristics of the tumor have been gradually used in HCC recurrence risk stratification and predicting prognosis. The use of mTOR inhibitors, preoperative interventional treatment before liver transplantation and non -tumor ablation technique are the main effective methods to prevent the recurrence of HCC. Hepatectomy is still the most effective treatment for patients with recurrent HCC after transplantation, and intervention with sorafenib in combination with mTOR inhibitors can benefit the survival of most patients.
肝细胞癌（HCC）肝移植术后仍有较高的复发率，严重影响长期生存率，目前的研究结果表明HCC术后复发的机制主要与残留微小病灶、供肝炎症损伤及再生、免疫抑制相关。肝移植米兰标准、肿瘤血管侵犯、分化程度、手术操作及钙调素免疫抑制剂的使用是导致HCC肝移植术后复发的危险因素；基因以及蛋白水平等反应肿瘤生物学特性的生物标志物目前已逐渐用于HCC复发危险分层及预测预后。mTOR抑制剂的使用、肝移植术前以介入为主的桥接治疗、无瘤操作技术是预防HCC移植术后复发的主要有效手段。对于HCC移植术后复发的患者，肝切除仍是最有效的治疗方式治疗，介入治疗、索拉菲尼联合mTOR抑制剂能够使大多数患者的生存获益。.
Keywords: Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Immunosuppressant; Liver transplantation; Recurrence.