Beware of Undertow: Opioid Drugs Generate Additional Waves of Intracellular Signaling

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
• ² Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation - Robertson Investigator, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].