Dogs and Orthopaedic Injuries: Is There a Correlation With Breed?

J Orthop Trauma. 2018 Sep;32(9):e372-e375. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001235.

Abstract

Objectives: To identify the incidence of orthopaedic injuries secondary to dog bites, determine the responsible breeds, and assess the severity of injury by dog breed.

Design: Retrospective.

Setting: Single Level I trauma center.

Patients: Ninety-five patients treated for a dog bite that resulted in an orthopaedic injury between January 2010 and July 2016.

Intervention: Patients were treated according to their specific orthopaedic injury.

Main outcome measurements: Dog breed and type of orthopaedic injury.

Results: Thirty-nine percent of all dog bite-related emergency department visits resulted in an orthopaedic injury requiring specialist treatment. Of the 95 patients, 50% were the result of a pit bull terrier bite and 22% by a law enforcement dog. A total of 32% were attacked by multiple dogs. There was a 51% incidence of severe injury (amputation or fracture) with a significant association with breed.

Conclusions: Thirty-nine percent of all dog bite-related emergency department visits at our facility resulted in an injury requiring orthopaedic treatment. Pit bull terrier bites were responsible for a significantly higher number of orthopaedic injuries and resulted in an amputation and/or bony injury in 66% of patients treated, whereas bites from law enforcement dogs and other breeds were less associated with severe injuries.

Level of evidence: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bites and Stings / complications*
  • Bites and Stings / surgery*
  • Breeding
  • Cohort Studies
  • Dogs
  • Emergency Service, Hospital
  • Female
  • Fractures, Bone / etiology
  • Fractures, Bone / surgery*
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Orthopedic Procedures / methods*
  • Orthopedic Procedures / statistics & numerical data
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Trauma Centers
  • United States
  • Wound Healing / physiology
  • Wounds and Injuries / diagnosis
  • Wounds and Injuries / etiology
  • Wounds and Injuries / surgery*