Intraprocedural predictors of post-stent retriever thrombectomy subarachnoid hemorrhage in middle cerebral artery stroke

J Neurointerv Surg. 2019 Feb;11(2):127-132. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-013873. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

Abstract

Background: Stent retriever thrombectomy (SRT) in acute thromboembolic stroke can result in post-thrombectomy subarachnoid hemorrhage (PTSAH). Intraprocedural findings associated with PTSAH are not well defined.

Objective: To identify angiographic findings and procedural factors during SRT that are associated with PTSAH.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study of consecutive patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) acute ischemic stroke treated with SRT. Inclusion criteria were: (1) age ≥18 years; (2) thromboembolic occlusion of the MCA; (3) at least one stent retriever pass beginning in an M2 branch; (4) postprocedural CT or MRI scan within 24 hours; (5) non-enhanced CT Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score >5. Exclusion criteria included multi-territory stroke before SRT.

Results: Eighty-five patients were enrolled; eight patients had PTSAH (group 1) and 77 did not (group 2). Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups. In group 1, a significantly greater proportion of patients had more than two stent retriever passes (62.5% vs 18.2%, P=0.01), a stent retriever positioned ≥2 cm along an M2 branch (100% vs 30.2%, P=0.002), and the presence of severe iatrogenic vasospasm before SRT pass (37.5% vs 5.2%, P=0.02). One patient with PTSAH and associated mass effect deteriorated clinically.

Conclusions: An increased number of stent retriever passes, distal device positioning, and presence of severe vasospasm were associated with PTSAH. Neurological deterioration with PTSAH can occur.

Keywords: angiography; complication; hemorrhage; stroke; subarachnoid.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / diagnostic imaging*
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / surgery
  • Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring / methods*
  • Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring / trends
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prospective Studies
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stents*
  • Stroke / diagnostic imaging*
  • Stroke / surgery
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / diagnostic imaging*
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Thrombectomy / adverse effects*
  • Thrombectomy / trends
  • Young Adult