In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Pandey et al. (2018) identified that mitochondrial cysteine desulfurase provides the sulfur species used for tRNALys, tRNAGlu, and tRNAGln thiouridine modification in the cytoplasm. A low-mass sulfur species is exported by the mitochondrial Atm1 transporter and utilized in the thio-modifications.
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