Adverse respiratory effects of opioids for chronic breathlessness: to what extent can we learn lessons from chronic pain?

Affiliations

• ¹ Dept of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands [email protected].
• ² Centre of Expertise for Palliative Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
• ³ Dept of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
• ⁴ Dept of Family Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
• ⁵ Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
• ⁶ Dept of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, MUMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
• ⁷ CIRO, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, the Netherlands.
• ⁸ Dept of Respiratory Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.