Protein phosphatases in chromatin structure and function

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2019 Jan;1866(1):90-101. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.016. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Abstract

Chromatin structure and dynamics are highly controlled and regulated processes that play an essential role in many aspects of cell biology. The chromatin transition stages and the factors that control this process are regulated by post-translation modifications, including phosphorylation. While the role of protein kinases in chromatin dynamics has been quite well studied, the nature and regulation of the counteracting phosphatases represent an emerging field but are still at their infancy. In this review we summarize the current literature on phosphatases involved in the regulation of chromatin structure and dynamics, with emphases on the major knowledge gaps that should require attention and more investigation.

Keywords: Chromatin remodelling; Epigenetics; Histone phosphorylation; Phosphatases; Transcription regulation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chromatin / genetics
  • Chromatin / metabolism
  • Chromatin / physiology
  • Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / genetics
  • Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / physiology*
  • DNA / genetics
  • DNA Methylation / physiology
  • DNA Repair / physiology
  • DNA Replication / physiology
  • Epigenesis, Genetic / physiology
  • Gene Expression Regulation / physiology
  • Histones / genetics
  • Histones / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Nucleosomes / metabolism
  • Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / metabolism*
  • Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / physiology*
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational / physiology
  • Telomere / metabolism

Substances

  • Chromatin
  • Histones
  • Nucleosomes
  • DNA
  • Phosphoprotein Phosphatases