Trends in pulmonary embolism in patients infected with HIV during the combination antiretroviral therapy era in Spain: A nationwide population-based study

Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 14;8(1):12137. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29739-2.

Abstract

Chronic infections are a major factor in the development of pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to evaluate the trends of PE-related hospitalizations and PE-related deaths in people living with HIV (PLWH) during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) through a retrospective study in Spain. Data were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) between 1997 and 2013. The study period was fragmented into four calendar periods (1997-1999, 2000-2003, 2004-2007, and 2008-2013). The rate of PE-related hospitalizations remained stable in PLWH (P = 0.361). HIV-monoinfected patients had a higher incidence than HIV/HCV-coinfected patients during all follow-up [(98.7 (95%CI = 92.2; 105.1); P < 0.001], but PE incidence decreased in HIV-monoinfected patients (P < 0.001) and increased in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (P < 0.001). Concretely, the rate of PE-related hospitalizations decreased significantly in patients monoinfected with HIV [from 203.6 (95%CI = 175.7; 231.6) events per 100,000 patient-years in 1997-1999 to 74.3 (95%CI = 66.1; 82.3) in 2008-2013; P < 0.001], while patients coinfected with HIV/HCV had a significant increase [from 16.3 (95%CI = 11; 21.6) in 1997-1999 to 53.3 (95%CI = 45.9; 60.6) in 2008-2013; P < 0.001]. The mortality rate of PE-related hospitalizations showed a similar trend as PE incidence. In conclusion, the epidemiological trends of PE in PLWH changed during the cART era, with decreases in incidence and mortality in HIV-monoinfected and increases in both variables in patients coinfected with HIV/HCV.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anti-Retroviral Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Coinfection / complications
  • Coinfection / drug therapy*
  • Coinfection / virology
  • Drug Therapy, Combination / methods
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • HIV Infections / complications
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy*
  • HIV Infections / virology
  • Hepatitis C, Chronic / complications
  • Hepatitis C, Chronic / drug therapy*
  • Hepatitis C, Chronic / virology
  • Hospital Mortality / trends
  • Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data
  • Hospitalization / trends*
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pulmonary Embolism / epidemiology*
  • Pulmonary Embolism / etiology
  • Pulmonary Embolism / prevention & control
  • Pulmonary Embolism / therapy
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Spain / epidemiology

Substances

  • Anti-Retroviral Agents