Accompanied with more elaborate and deeper exploration, immunotherapy has been considered one of the most important therapeutic manners for tumor treatment besides conventional operative, chemotherapeutic, radiotherapeutic and targeted-therapeutic strategies. The application of programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody has provided a new therapeutic option for patients and becomes a research focus of immunotherapy field. PD-1 antibody has been permitted to apply to the treatment of different types of cancers such as melanoma. PD-1 has been demonstrated to be highly effective, including the steady tumor growth control, even complete remission acquired. Although the PD-1 antibody displays great therapeutic effectiveness and application prospects, an increasingly number of drug resistant phenomena have also occurred. Little has been known about the mechanisms of PD-1 antibody resistance by now. However, exploring this mechanism, innovating new treatment mode of drug combination, avoiding the occurrence of drug resistance and decreasing the adverse influence of drug resistance, even reversing it, will be useful to guide the adjustment of treatment strategies, continuously improve the effects of immunotherapy, and give patients long-term survival benefit.
随着研究的不断深入，免疫治疗已经成为继手术治疗、放疗、化疗及靶向治疗之后，肿瘤治疗的又一重要方式。程序性细胞死亡受体1(PD－1)抗体为患者提供了新的治疗选择，并成为免疫治疗领域的研究重点。PD－1抗体获批应用于恶性黑色素瘤等不同类型肿瘤的治疗，为大量患者带来临床获益，表现为持续的病灶稳定，甚至完全缓解。然而，PD－1抗体表现出良好疗效和应用前景的同时，也出现了越来越多的耐药现象。尽管目前关于PD－1抗体耐药的形成机制知之甚少，但是不断探索PD－1抗体的耐药机制，研究新型免疫治疗模式，规避耐药现象的发生，减少耐药的不良影响，甚至逆转耐药，将有助于指导临床适时调整治疗策略，不断提高免疫治疗的疗效，给患者带来更持久的生存获益。.
Keywords: Drug resistance; Immunotherapy; Programmed death ligand-1; Programmed death-1; Tumor microenvironment.