Remaining challenges in catheter ablation of accessory pathways: rare entity of coronary sinus diverticulum-associated pathways

Clin Res Cardiol. 2019 Apr;108(4):388-394. doi: 10.1007/s00392-018-1367-3. Epub 2018 Sep 4.

Abstract

Introduction: A limited number of case reports of coronary sinus (CS) diverticula complicating catheter ablation have been published.

Methods and results: We retrospectively analysed 2245 patients who underwent ablation of an accessory pathway (AP) at our institution between 1/11/1993 and 31/10/2016. Eight patients (0.36%) were found to have a CS diverticulum in venography. APs showed a mean antegrade conduction time of 276 ± 23 ms (range 220-310 ms) and a mean retrograde conduction of 301 ± 45 ms (230-350 ms). Four patients had 1 (n = 2), 2 (n = 1), or 3 (n = 1) previously failed ablation attempts. Pathways could not be ablated with a conventional 4 mm tip catheter in 7 of 8 cases. In seven patients, ablation was successful, in two using an 8-mm ablation catheter, in two using cryoablation, and in the remaining three with an irrigated tip ablation catheter. After failed femoral approach, one 9-year-old female was successfully ablated via the right jugular vein. In one 75-year-old female, ablation was not successful. During a mean follow-up of 8.9 ± 6.4 years, all patients remained free of recurrences.

Conclusion: In inferoseptal pathways, especially with previous failed ablation attempts, venographies of the CS should be performed. After successful ablation long-term prognosis is excellent.

Keywords: Ablation; Accessory pathway; Coronary sinus; Diverticula; WPW syndrome.

MeSH terms

  • Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle / diagnostic imaging
  • Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle / physiopathology
  • Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle / surgery*
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Catheter Ablation / adverse effects*
  • Child
  • Coronary Sinus
  • Coronary Vessels / diagnostic imaging*
  • Diverticulum / diagnosis
  • Diverticulum / etiology*
  • Electrocardiography
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Heart Rate / physiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Phlebography
  • Postoperative Complications
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome / physiopathology
  • Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome / surgery*
  • Young Adult