Corn grain yield and 15N-fertilizer recovery as a function of urea sidedress timing

An Acad Bras Cienc. 2018 Oct-Dec;90(4):3299-3312. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170432. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Abstract

Best fertilizer management practices such as adopting the right N sidedress timing can reduce N losses by volatilization, thus, raising N-fertilizer recovery and grain yield. To evaluate ammonia (N-NH3 ) losses, N-fertilizer recovery and grain yield as a function of urea sidedress timing in corn, a field study was conducted during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons, adopting a complete randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of urea sidedress timing (140 kg N ha-1) at V4, V6, V8, V10, and V12 growth stages, plus a control without sidedress N. The largest N losses by N-NH3 volatilization occurred when urea was applied at V10 or V12 growth stages, reaching losses of 35 and 41 % of the total applied N. Although climatic factors influences N-NH3 volatilization process, crop characteristics such as canopy development also seems to affect N-NH3 losses. Nitrogen application at V4 or V6 growth stages resulted in greater N-fertilizer recovery from urea sidedress, reaching values of 53 %. No increase in corn grain yield was observed with N application at different corn growth stages during the two growing seasons evaluated, most likely due to high N mineralization rates from the soil.

MeSH terms

  • Agriculture / methods*
  • Ammonia / administration & dosage*
  • Ammonia / analysis
  • Ammonia / chemistry
  • Fertilizers*
  • Nitrogen Isotopes / administration & dosage*
  • Nitrogen Isotopes / analysis
  • Nitrogen Isotopes / chemistry
  • Random Allocation
  • Seasons
  • Time Factors
  • Urea / metabolism*
  • Volatilization*
  • Zea mays / drug effects
  • Zea mays / growth & development*

Substances

  • Fertilizers
  • Nitrogen Isotopes
  • Nitrogen-15
  • Ammonia
  • Urea