Advanced Imaging Techniques for Mitral Regurgitation

Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Nov-Dec;61(5-6):390-396. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.10.001. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Abstract

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most commonly encountered valvular lesions in clinical practice. MR can be either primary (degenerative) or secondary (functional) depending on the etiology of MR and the pathology of the mitral valve (MV). Echocardiography is the primary diagnostic tool for MR and is key in determining this etiology as well as MR severity. While clinicians usually turn to 2 Dimensional echocardiography as first-line imaging, 3 Dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has continually shown to be superior in terms of describing MV anatomy and pathology. This review article elaborates on 3DE techniques, modalities, and advances in software. Furthermore, the article demonstrates how 3DE has reformed MR evaluation and has played a vital role in determining patient management.

Keywords: 3D echocardiography; Degenerative; Doppler; Functional; Mitral regurgitation; Regurgitant volume; Ultrasound imaging; en face.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Clinical Decision-Making
  • Echocardiography, Doppler, Color*
  • Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional*
  • Hemodynamics
  • Humans
  • Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
  • Mitral Valve / diagnostic imaging*
  • Mitral Valve / physiopathology
  • Mitral Valve Insufficiency / diagnostic imaging*
  • Mitral Valve Insufficiency / physiopathology
  • Mitral Valve Insufficiency / therapy
  • Patient-Specific Modeling
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prognosis
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Severity of Illness Index