Objective: To characterize the MRI appearance of the anomalous volar radiotriquetral ligament in cases of classic Madelung deformity.
Materials and methods: With institutional review board approval, a search of the radiology information system was performed to identify cases of potential Madelung deformity using variations of the criteria "Madelung deformity." Cases of classic Madelung deformity were included based on the following criteria: dorsal subluxation of the ulnar head, volar tilt of the distal radius, increased radial inclination of greater than 25°, triangulation of the carpus, and presence of Vickers ligament defined as an anomalous volar radiolunate ligament. Patients with a history of wrist trauma or severe degenerative change distorting anatomy were excluded. The resulting cases were reviewed to characterize the anomalous radiotriquetral ligament.
Results: Eight cases of classic Madelung deformity in 6 patients were identified. All 8 cases were characterized by the presence of an anomalous radiotriquetral ligament, which was more conspicuous than Vickers ligament. None of the excluded pseudo-Madelung deformity cases displayed a Vickers ligament or radiotriquetral ligament.
Conclusion: The radiotriquetral ligament is an anomalous ligament that is a constant and distinguishing finding in classic Madelung deformity in this study. Awareness of the radiotriquetral ligament and distinguishing it from Vickers ligament on imaging studies and at surgery may have clinical implications that need to be further investigated.
Keywords: Ligaments; MRI; Madelung.