Cutaneous localization of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma may masquerade as B-cell lymphoma or classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A histologic diagnostic pitfall

J Cutan Pathol. 2019 Feb;46(2):102-110. doi: 10.1111/cup.13382. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Abstract

Background: We report the cases of three patients presenting skin lesions whose biopsies showed nodular polymorphic infiltrates consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, eosinophils, B blasts, and Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells. Two of them were initially diagnosed as classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), on the other hand, the last one as a B-cell lymphoma. All patients have been treated for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL).

Methods: We performed a second review of the skin biopsies with further immunophenotypic molecular analyses. Scrupulous observation revealed, in the background of the three cases, atypical small to medium-sized lymphocytes carrying a CD3+, CD4+ T-cell phenotype and expressing PD1 and CXCL13 follicular helper T-cell markers. The two lesions initially diagnosed as cHL showed scattered HRS-like cells with CD30+, CD15+, PAX5+, CD20-, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) + classical phenotype. The case initially diagnosed as B-cell lymphoma showed a diffuse B-cell proliferation associated with small B-cell and medium to large-sized B blasts that were positive for EBV.

Conclusion: Those cases highlighted that atypical T-cells may be obscured by B-cell proliferation mimicking cHL or B-cell lymphoma in cutaneous localization of AITL and confirmed the requirement of collecting clinical information before performing a diagnosis.

Keywords: Hodgkin lymphoma; T-follicular helper; angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma; cutaneous.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biopsy
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Hodgkin Disease* / diagnosis
  • Hodgkin Disease* / metabolism
  • Hodgkin Disease* / pathology
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, B-Cell* / diagnosis
  • Lymphoma, B-Cell* / metabolism
  • Lymphoma, B-Cell* / pathology
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous* / diagnosis
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous* / metabolism
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous* / pathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Skin Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Skin Neoplasms* / metabolism
  • Skin Neoplasms* / pathology