Expectant long-term follow-up of patients with chronic urinary retention

Aims: To describe urologic complications in patients with chronically elevated post-void residual (PVR) volumes and to evaluate other related risk factors during a long-term follow-up in patients managed conservatively.

Methods: Non-neurogenic patients who refused surgical intervention of the prostate and had PVR volumes >300 mL on two or more separate occasions at least 6 months apart were included. We followed this cohort over time, recorded complications and evaluated risk factors for complications.

Results: Twenty-eight men with a mean age of 74 were followed for a median of 56 months (IQR: 26-101 months); 26 had benign prostatic hyperplasia with a median prostate size of 55 cc. Baseline median PVR was 468 cc (IQR: 395-828) and follow-up median PVR was 508 cc (IQR: 322-714). During follow-up, 13 patients (46%) had at least one complication with acute urinary retention being the most common occurring in 10 patients (36%) with 15 episodes. Other complications presented in less than 15%, and no patients developed permanent renal insufficiency. Patients with prostate size ≥ 100 cc had significantly higher total number of acute retention episodes (P-value: 0.01).

Conclusions: Although the presence of CUR could commonly predispose to episodes of acute retention, severe complications are infrequent although present. Additionally, prostate size may play a role in increasing some adverse outcomes. With proper counseling about different complications, patients with retention who denied surgical treatment can be safely followed for at least 5 years without renal deterioration.