An Update on the Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Structured Exercise and Lifestyle Physical Activity in Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Health Risk

Cemal Ozemek; Deepika R Laddu; Carl J Lavie; Hannah Claeys; Leonard A Kaminsky; Robert Ross; Ulrik Wisloff; Ross Arena; Steven N Blair

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.11.005

An Update on the Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Structured Exercise and Lifestyle Physical Activity in Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Health Risk

Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Nov-Dec;61(5-6):484-490. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.11.005. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Authors

Cemal Ozemek¹, Deepika R Laddu², Carl J Lavie³, Hannah Claeys², Leonard A Kaminsky⁴, Robert Ross⁵, Ulrik Wisloff⁶, Ross Arena², Steven N Blair⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
² Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
³ Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
⁴ Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.
⁵ Schoold of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
⁶ K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
⁷ Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

PMID: 30445160
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.11.005

Abstract

The cardiovascular disease (CVD) pandemic has placed considerable strain on healthcare systems, quality of life, and physical function, while remaining the leading cause of death globally. Decades of scientific investigations have fortified the protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), exercise training, and physical activity (PA) against the development of CVD. This review will summarize recent efforts that have made significant strides in; 1) the application of novel analytic techniques to increase the predictive utility of CRF; 2) understanding the protective effects of long-term compliance to PA recommendations through large cohort studies with multiple points of assessment; 3) and understanding the potential harms associated with extreme volumes of PA.

Keywords: Cardiorespiratory fitness; Cardiovascular disease; Exercise; Physical activity.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Cardiorespiratory Fitness*
Cardiovascular Diseases / diagnostic imaging
Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases / physiopathology
Cardiovascular Diseases / prevention & control*
Exercise*
Health Status
Healthy Lifestyle*
Humans
Prognosis
Protective Factors
Risk Factors
Risk Reduction Behavior*
Time Factors