Is positive oral contrast material necessary for computed tomography in patients with suspected acute abdomen?

Radiologia (Engl Ed). 2019 Mar-Apr;61(2):161-166. doi: 10.1016/j.rx.2018.10.006. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

The number of computed tomography studies done in emergency departments has increased substantially, and with this increase the controversy about whether positive oral contrast agents are necessary in all patients has also grown. The great image quality provided by multidetector computed tomography scanners, the increase in intraabdominal fat (as a natural element that provides contrast for separating the bowel loops) related with the increased prevalence of obesity in the population, and the potential drawbacks associated with the use of high-density oral contrast agents argue against the generalized us of these agents. This article aims to evaluate the effects of omitting the use of this type of oral contrast material for computed tomography examinations required in the emergency department for suspicion of acute abdominal pathology through an efficient literature search among recent publications.

Keywords: Abdominal pain; Administración oral; Computed tomography; Contrast media; Diagnosis; Diagnóstico; Dolor abdominal; Medios contraste; Oral administration; Tomografía computarizada.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Abdomen, Acute / diagnostic imaging*
  • Abdominal Pain / diagnostic imaging
  • Acute Disease
  • Administration, Oral
  • Appendicitis / diagnostic imaging
  • Contrast Media / administration & dosage*
  • Emergency Service, Hospital
  • Humans
  • Injections, Intravenous
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods*
  • Unnecessary Procedures

Substances

  • Contrast Media