Randomized sham-controlled trial of the 6-month swallowable gas-filled intragastric balloon system for weight loss

Background: Obesity is a significant health problem and additional therapies are needed to improve obesity treatment.

Objective: Determine the efficacy and safety of a 6-month swallowable gas-filled intragastric balloon system for weight loss.

Setting: Fifteen academic and private practice centers in the United States.

Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized sham-controlled trial of the swallowable gas-filled intragastric balloon system plus lifestyle therapy compared with lifestyle therapy alone for weight loss at 6 months in participants aged 22 to 60 years with body mass index 30 to 40 kg/m², across 15 sites in the United States. The following endpoints were included: difference in percent total weight loss in treatment group versus control group was >2.1%, and a responder rate of >35% in the treatment group.

Results: Three hundred eighty-seven patients swallowed at least 1 capsule. Of participants, 93.3% completed all 24 weeks of blinded study testing. Nonserious adverse events occurred in 91.1% of patients, but only .4% were severe. One bleeding ulcer and 1 balloon deflation occurred. In analysis of patients who completed treatment, the treatment and control groups achieved 7.1 ± 5.0% and 3.6 ± 5.1% total weight loss, respectively, and a mean difference of 3.5% (P = .0085). Total weight loss in treatment and control groups were 7.1 ± 5.3 and 3.6 ± 5.1 kg (P < .0001), and body mass index change in the treatment and control groups were 2.5 ± 1.8 and 1.3 ± 1.8 kg/m² (P < .0001), respectively. The responder rate in the treatment group was 66.7% (P < .0001). Weight loss maintenance in the treatment group was 88.5% at 48 weeks.

Conclusions: Treatment with lifestyle therapy and the 6-month swallowable gas-filled intragastric balloon system was safe and resulted in twice as much weight loss compared with a sham control, with high weight loss maintenance at 48 weeks.