Drug-induced Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-like syndrome: early CSF analysis as useful tool for differential diagnosis

BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Dec 4;11(1):e224314. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224314.

Abstract

We report the case of a 78-year-old man who showed a subacute onset of severe cognitive impairment, ataxia, tremor, stimulus sensitive myoclonus and hypophonia. Since a few weeks, he received a treatment with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants for mood disorder. The clinical picture mimicked Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), but we could rule out this diagnosis by means of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, which showed normal level of tau protein and Aβ1-42, being also negative for CSF 14-3-3 protein. A complete clinical recovery was observed after the discontinuation of antidepressants. So far, some cases of drug-induced CJD-like syndrome have been described. In our experience, early CSF analysis shows high diagnostic usefulness in order to exclude CJD.

Keywords: drugs: cns (not psychiatric); variant creutzfeld-jakob disease.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Amitriptyline / adverse effects*
  • Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / adverse effects*
  • Clomipramine / adverse effects*
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / chemically induced
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / diagnosis*
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / diagnostic imaging
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male

Substances

  • Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic
  • Amitriptyline
  • Clomipramine