Chronic Transplantation Rejection

Transplant rejection can be classified as hyperacute, acute, or chronic. Hyperacute rejection is typically caused by specific antibodies against the graft and occurs within minutes or hours after grafting. Acute rejection develops days or weeks after transplantation and can be caused by specific lymphocytes in the recipient that recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens in the grafted tissue or organ.

Chronic transplant rejection, on the other hand, usually manifests months or years after organ or tissue transplantation and involves various mechanisms, including chronic inflammation and humoral and cellular immune reactions, which play crucial roles in its immunopathogenesis.