Positioning a multifunctional basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor within the Ciona notochord gene regulatory network

Dev Biol. 2019 Apr 15;448(2):119-135. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.01.002. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Abstract

In a multitude of organisms, transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family control the expression of genes required for organ development and tissue differentiation. The functions of different bHLH transcription factors in the specification of nervous system and paraxial mesoderm have been widely investigated in various model systems. Conversely, the knowledge of the role of these regulators in the development of the axial mesoderm, the embryonic territory that gives rise to the notochord, and the identities of their target genes, remain still fragmentary. Here we investigated the transcriptional regulation and target genes of Bhlh-tun1, a bHLH transcription factor expressed in the developing Ciona notochord as well as in additional embryonic territories that contribute to the formation of both larval and adult structures. We describe its possible role in notochord formation, its relationship with the key notochord transcription factor Brachyury, and suggest molecular mechanisms through which Bhlh-tun1 controls the spatial and temporal expression of its effectors.

Keywords: Brachyury; Ciona; Enhancer; Gene regulatory network; Notochord; bHLH.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / metabolism*
  • Body Patterning / genetics
  • Ciona / embryology*
  • Ciona / genetics*
  • Embryo, Nonmammalian / metabolism
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic / genetics
  • Fetal Proteins / genetics
  • Fetal Proteins / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
  • Gene Regulatory Networks*
  • Notochord / embryology
  • Notochord / metabolism*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • T-Box Domain Proteins / genetics
  • T-Box Domain Proteins / metabolism
  • Up-Regulation / genetics

Substances

  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
  • Fetal Proteins
  • T-Box Domain Proteins
  • Brachyury protein