Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia in Kidney Transplant Recipient Affected by Acute Intermittent Porphyria: A Case Report

Transplant Proc. 2019 Jan-Feb;51(1):229-234. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.213. Epub 2018 Jun 30.

Abstract

Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive coccobacillus responsible for severe infections in patients with weakened immune systems. R equi generally causes pnumonia that may evolve into fatal systemic infection if left untreated. Here, we present a case of a 67-year-old woman affected by acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) who developed R equi pneumonia 7 months after kidney transplantation. Although clinical features at presentation were nonspecific, lung computed tomography showed right perihilar consolidation with a mass-like appearance causing bronchial obstruction. Appropriate antibiotic including intravenous meropenem and oral azithromycin that was then switched to oral levofloxacin and oral azithromycin along with reduction of immunosuppressive therapy resolved pneumonia without provoking an acute attack of porphyria. AIP limited the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of R equi infection because some potentially porphyrinogenic antibacterial agents were avoided. Based on this experience, azithromycin and meropenem can be safely administered for the treatment of R Equi infection in patients with AIP.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Actinomycetales Infections / complications
  • Actinomycetales Infections / drug therapy*
  • Actinomycetales Infections / immunology*
  • Aged
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Azithromycin / therapeutic use
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunocompromised Host
  • Kidney Transplantation* / adverse effects
  • Levofloxacin / therapeutic use
  • Meropenem / therapeutic use
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / immunology
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / microbiology
  • Porphyria, Acute Intermittent / complications*
  • Rhodococcus equi
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Transplant Recipients

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Levofloxacin
  • Azithromycin
  • Meropenem