Abstract
Concussion is a transitory brain injury resulting from a blow to the head. Concussion is considered a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), which is self-limited. Repetitive mTBI has been associated with chronic, progressive neurological damage. Extreme biochemical changes occur in neuron cells as a result of mTBI. These metabolic disturbances may reflect the symptoms observed in patients who had suffered concussions. However, it has been difficult to correlate clinical signs and symptoms. Currently, there are no laboratory tests to diagnose concussion, though several biomarkers are being investigated. Further studies are needed to elucidate the biochemical details of the metabolic cascade and the associated time frame, which will help determine when an athlete can safely return to the game.
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.
MeSH terms
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Athletic Injuries / diagnosis
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Athletic Injuries / pathology
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Athletic Injuries / physiopathology*
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Biomarkers / blood
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Brain / blood supply
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Brain / pathology
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Brain / physiopathology
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Brain Concussion / diagnosis
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Brain Concussion / pathology
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Brain Concussion / physiopathology*
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Brain Damage, Chronic / diagnosis
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Brain Damage, Chronic / pathology
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Brain Damage, Chronic / physiopathology
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Calcium / metabolism
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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy / diagnosis
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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy / pathology
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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy / physiopathology
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Energy Metabolism / physiology*
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Glutamic Acid / metabolism
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Humans
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Macrophage Activation / physiology
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Membrane Potentials / physiology
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Nerve Degeneration / pathology
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Nerve Degeneration / physiopathology
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Neurons / pathology
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Neurons / physiology
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Potassium / metabolism
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Regional Blood Flow / physiology
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Return to Sport
Substances
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Biomarkers
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Glutamic Acid
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Potassium
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Calcium