Atypical functional connectome hierarchy in autism

Nat Commun. 2019 Mar 4;10(1):1022. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08944-1.

Abstract

One paradox of autism is the co-occurrence of deficits in sensory and higher-order socio-cognitive processing. Here, we examined whether these phenotypical patterns may relate to an overarching system-level imbalance-specifically a disruption in macroscale hierarchy affecting integration and segregation of unimodal and transmodal networks. Combining connectome gradient and stepwise connectivity analysis based on task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrated atypical connectivity transitions between sensory and higher-order default mode regions in a large cohort of individuals with autism relative to typically-developing controls. Further analyses indicated that reduced differentiation related to perturbed stepwise connectivity from sensory towards transmodal areas, as well as atypical long-range rich-club connectivity. Supervised pattern learning revealed that hierarchical features predicted deficits in social cognition and low-level behavioral symptoms, but not communication-related symptoms. Our findings provide new evidence for imbalances in network hierarchy in autism, which offers a parsimonious reference frame to consolidate its diverse features.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Autistic Disorder* / diagnostic imaging
  • Autistic Disorder* / pathology
  • Autistic Disorder* / physiopathology
  • Cerebral Cortex / pathology
  • Cerebral Cortex / physiopathology
  • Connectome*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Male
  • Motion
  • Nerve Net* / pathology
  • Nerve Net* / physiopathology
  • Social Behavior Disorders / pathology
  • Social Behavior Disorders / physiopathology
  • Young Adult