α1ACT Is Essential for Survival and Early Cerebellar Programming in a Critical Neonatal Window

Neuron. 2019 May 22;102(4):770-785.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.036. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Abstract

Postnatal cerebellar development is a precisely regulated process involving well-orchestrated expression of neural genes. Neurological phenotypes associated with CACNA1A gene defects have been increasingly recognized, yet the molecular principles underlying this association remain elusive. By characterizing a dose-dependent CACNA1A gene deficiency mouse model, we discovered that α1ACT, as a transcription factor and secondary protein of CACNA1A mRNA, drives dynamic gene expression networks within cerebellar Purkinje cells and is indispensable for neonatal survival. Perinatal loss of α1ACT leads to motor dysfunction through disruption of neurogenesis and synaptic regulatory networks. However, its elimination in adulthood has minimal effect on the cerebellum. These findings shed light on the critical role of α1ACT in facilitating neuronal development in both mice and humans and support a rationale for gene therapies for calcium-channel-associated cerebellar disorders. Finally, we show that bicistronic expression may be common to the voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) gene family and may help explain complex genetic syndromes.

Keywords: CACNA1A; IRES; Purkinje cell; VGCC; bicistronic; cerebellum; development; gene-silencing; spinocerebellar ataxia type 6; transcription factor.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Video-Audio Media

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Calcium Channels / genetics*
  • Calcium Channels, N-Type / genetics*
  • Cerebellum / growth & development*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / genetics*
  • Genetic Therapy
  • HEK293 Cells
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Internal Ribosome Entry Sites
  • Mice
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • PC12 Cells
  • Rats
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxias / genetics*
  • Transcription Factors / genetics*
  • Transcription Initiation Site

Substances

  • CACNA1A protein, human
  • Cacna1a protein, rat
  • Calcium Channels
  • Calcium Channels, N-Type
  • Internal Ribosome Entry Sites
  • Transcription Factors
  • voltage-dependent calcium channel (P-Q type)