Comparing postural instability and gait disorder and akinetic-rigid subtyping of Parkinson disease and their stability over time

Eur J Neurol. 2019 Sep;26(9):1212-1218. doi: 10.1111/ene.13968. Epub 2019 May 17.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Parkinson disease (PD) patients are classically classified according to two alternative motor subtyping methods: (i) tremor-dominant versus postural instability and gait disorder; (ii) tremor-dominant versus akinetic-rigid. The degree of overlap between the two classification systems at diagnosis of PD and their temporal stability, as well as the correspondence between the two systems, were examined over a follow-up period of 4 years.

Methods: Newly diagnosed, untreated PD patients were classified as tremor-dominant versus postural instability and gait disorder and tremor-dominant versus akinetic-rigid at baseline and after 2 and 4 years.

Results: There was a poor overlap between the two classification systems at any time point and baseline subtype status could not predict 4-year subtype membership. In fact, about half of our cohort shifted category during the first 2 years, regardless of the classification scheme adopted. A lower rate of shift was observed from 2- to 4-year follow-up.

Conclusions: The two classical motor subtyping methods of PD poorly overlap, which implies that a patient can be categorized as tremor-dominant in one classification system but not in the other. Moreover, their temporal instability undermines their prognostic value in the early stage of PD.

Keywords: de novo; cluster; heterogeneity; postural instability and gait disorder; untreated.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Female
  • Gait Disorders, Neurologic / etiology
  • Gait Disorders, Neurologic / physiopathology*
  • Humans
  • Hypokinesia / etiology
  • Hypokinesia / physiopathology*
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Parkinson Disease / classification
  • Parkinson Disease / complications
  • Parkinson Disease / physiopathology*
  • Postural Balance / physiology*
  • Tremor / etiology
  • Tremor / physiopathology*