Multi-Exponential Relaxometry Using l1 -Regularized Iterative NNLS (MERLIN) With Application to Myelin Water Fraction Imaging

IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2019 Nov;38(11):2676-2686. doi: 10.1109/TMI.2019.2910386. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Abstract

A new parameter estimation algorithm, MERLIN, is presented for accurate and robust multi-exponential relaxometry using magnetic resonance imaging, a tool that can provide valuable insight into the tissue microstructure of the brain. Multi-exponential relaxometry is used to analyze the myelin water fraction and can help to detect related diseases. However, the underlying problem is ill-conditioned, and as such, is extremely sensitive to noise and measurement imperfections, which can lead to less precise and more biased parameter estimates. MERLIN is a fully automated, multi-voxel approach that incorporates state-of-the-art l1 -regularization to enforce sparsity and spatial consistency of the estimated distributions. The proposed method is validated in simulations and in vivo experiments, using a multi-echo gradient-echo (MEGE) sequence at 3 T. MERLIN is compared to the conventional single-voxel l2 -regularized NNLS (rNNLS) and a multi-voxel extension with spatial priors (rNNLS + SP), where it consistently showed lower root mean squared errors of up to 70 percent for all parameters of interest in these simulations.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Algorithms
  • Body Water / diagnostic imaging*
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging
  • Humans
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / methods*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods*
  • Myelin Sheath / chemistry*
  • Phantoms, Imaging
  • Signal-To-Noise Ratio