Clinical Outcomes of Fludarabine and Melphalan With an 800 cGy Total Body Irradiation Conditioning Regimen in Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2019 Jun;19(6):345-355.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.03.023. Epub 2019 Mar 30.

Abstract

Introduction: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant with reduced-intensity conditioning is an effective therapeutic option for patients with refractory or relapsed aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

Patients and methods: We retrospectively evaluated survival outcomes and the efficacy of our fludarabine/melphalan/total body irradiation (TBI) (FMT) regimen. A total of 89 patients had received the FMT regimen from 2007 to 2017.

Results: The majority of patients (n = 81; 91%) belonged to the histologic subtype of aggressive NHL. The estimated 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival for the entire cohort during a median follow-up of 31 months were 47.1% (95% confidence interval, 36%-57%) and 45.4% (95% confidence interval, 35%-56%), respectively. The cumulative incidence rates of relapse and non-relapse mortality at 3 years were 33.1% and 13.8%, respectively. In analyses of risk factors affecting survival outcomes, chemosensitive disease status at transplant (hazard ratio [HR], 2.45; P = .010), delayed relapse after first-line chemotherapy (HR, 2.101; P = .009), no grade III to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (HR, 11.212; P < .001), and mild chronic graft-versus-host disease (HR, 0.448; P = .016) were independent significant predictors of favorable overall survival. Also, similar parameters were related to favorable disease-free survival. All non-hematologic toxicities occurred within 50 days after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and most of the adverse events were tolerable and manageable with a < 30% incidence.

Conclusion: Our FMT regimen shows favorable transplant outcomes with relatively low-risk toxicities, so it may be a promising strategy for patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive NHL.

Keywords: Aggressive lymphoma; Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; FMT-regimen; Graft-versus-lymphoma effect; Reduced-intensity conditioning.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use*
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
  • Female
  • Graft vs Host Disease / etiology
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* / adverse effects
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* / methods
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / diagnosis
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / mortality
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Radiation Dosage
  • Recurrence
  • Retreatment
  • Transplantation Conditioning* / adverse effects
  • Transplantation Conditioning* / methods
  • Transplantation, Homologous
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Whole-Body Irradiation* / adverse effects
  • Whole-Body Irradiation* / methods
  • Young Adult