Decreased coronary blood flow velocity in two patients with coronary microvascular spasm: case series^†

Introduction: Diagnostic criteria for coronary microvascular spasm (CMS) have not yet been fully established.

Case presentation: We present two cases of CMS in which decreased coronary blood flow velocities were observed during acetylcholine (ACH) provocation tests. The first patient suffered from chest pain occurring while at rest. The patient underwent coronary angiography (CAG), which revealed a decrease in the average peak velocity (APV) from 29 cm/s to 14 cm/s and a slow flow phenomenon following ACH injection. The second patient suffered from chest pain occurring during the night. The patient underwent CAG, which revealed a decrease in the APV from 17 cm/s to 7 cm/s with no significant epicardial coronary artery spasm following ACH injection. Both patients complained of chest pain, and electrocardiogram changes were observed in leads equivalent to the distal area of the vessel during an ACH provocation test. These findings were consistent with CMS, and their conditions improved under medical treatment.

Discussion: A transient decrease in coronary blood flow velocity following ACH administration might be a phenomenon specific to CMS. These cases may provide some insight into the underlying pathophysiology of CMS.